有話要說-先尊重他人人權 – 中時電子報
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有話要說-先尊重他人人權
2015年06月03日 04:10
中國時報
王玉佩
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點閱1257
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台北市北投區文化國小女童遭割喉致死,引發社會譁然,也再次掀起廢死正反兩極論戰。由於廢除死刑的主張盛行,甚至有所謂「廢死是普世價值」之論調,以致台灣社會近年陷入了「人權天秤傾斜」的迷思──過度重視加害人的人權,卻嚴重忽視受害人的人權。在強凌弱、眾暴寡的蠻荒時代,人命不值錢,更遑論人權;進入文明時代之後,由於訂定了維持社會秩序的規範,人命受到了保障,相對地人權也受到尊重,但並非所有屬於人的權利,每個人都百分百的享有。人權的保障,是建立於尊重他人的人權基礎上,亦即凡有侵害他人之人權者,其自有的人權就得遭受暫時或永久的剝奪,借以懲罰不尊重他人人權之行為,也借以維繫社會規範的正常運作。
有話要說-先尊重他人人權 - 中時電子報
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首頁
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有話要說-先尊重他人人權
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點閱1257
我要評比
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台北市北投區文化國小女童遭割喉致死,引發社會譁然,也再次掀起廢死正反兩極論戰。由於廢除死刑的主張盛行,甚至有所謂「廢死是普世價值」之論調,以致台灣社會近年陷入了「人權天秤傾斜」的迷思──過度重視加害人的人權,卻嚴重忽視受害人的人權。在強凌弱、眾暴寡的蠻荒時代,人命不值錢,更遑論人權;進入文明時代之後,由於訂定了維持社會秩序的規範,人命受到了保障,相對地人權也受到尊重,但並非所有屬於人的權利,每個人都百分百的享有。人權的保障,是建立於尊重他人的人權基礎上,亦即凡有侵害他人之人權者,其自有的人權就得遭受暫時或永久的剝奪,借以懲罰不尊重他人人權之行為,也借以維繫社會規範的正常運作。
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哲學家康德說:「每一個人都有義務去認識做為一個人所應有的尊嚴,也由於如此,我們非對每個人表示這分尊敬不可。」康德這番話可視為定義人權的金科玉律。事實上,就因為每個人都必須認知「尊重他人的尊嚴,即是人權最基本的價值。」所以凡是不能尊重他人之人權者,豈有資格高談自己的人權?弔詭的是,近年因為似是而非的人權觀勃興,使得不尊重乃至是侵害他人人權的加害人,其人權受到相當程度的關切與重視,至於受害者的人權,則相對遭到忽視,社會充斥著「人犯也有人權」的論調。前國安會祕書長邱義仁因涉及貪瀆弊案被押遭剃髮,居然有為其人權鳴不平的聲音,人權主義的基本精神似乎遭到嚴重扭曲。古代「殺人償命」的刑罰,即是一種典型的人權保障觀,雖然不無報復主義的思維,但從人權保護的角度來言,當一個人不知尊重他人的人權,甚至是剝奪了他人的人權,他自己或是第三者,還有什麼權力主張其人權?以龔某殺害女童來看,龔某自稱被幻聽折磨多年,為了「解脫」,狠心殺害無辜幼童,這種冷血凶殘、令人髮指的行徑,對被害人乃至其家人的人權,是何其重大的侵害?如果所謂的人道主義者或是人權主義者,能夠以同理心為被害人及其家屬設想,何忍要求被害家屬用愛包容或是放下仇恨?如若做錯事的龔某猶有機會回頭,但無辜的劉姓女童卻是回頭無路,試問這公平嗎?這就是人權主義者所要的結果嗎?或許,「愛」真的可以讓人走出仇恨的監牢,但如果一個人已失去了愛,外人又如何要求他用「愛」走出仇恨的監牢呢?(作者為正修科技大學教授),