美愛國法延效受挫 情治監控暫失法源 – 中時電子報
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美愛國法延效受挫 情治監控暫失法源
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美國聯邦參議院多數黨領袖麥康諾5月31日難得在周日召開院會,期能延長《愛國法》若干條款的效期,或通過其他替代法案,結果全被共和黨籍參議員蘭德.保羅單槍匹馬擋下,因此從31日午夜起,美國情治機構暫時喪失蒐集美國民眾電話資料和其他跟監活動的合法權力。但這個情況應很短暫,因為參院之前以77票對17票,同意加快審議並表決已由眾議員通過的《美國自由法》。在麥康諾心不甘情不願的支持下,該法案可望在2或3日進行表決,一旦通過就可取代《愛國法》。
美愛國法延效受挫 情治監控暫失法源 - 中時電子報
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美愛國法延效受挫 情治監控暫失法源
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美國聯邦參議院多數黨領袖麥康諾5月31日難得在周日召開院會,期能延長《愛國法》若干條款的效期,或通過其他替代法案,結果全被共和黨籍參議員蘭德.保羅單槍匹馬擋下,因此從31日午夜起,美國情治機構暫時喪失蒐集美國民眾電話資料和其他跟監活動的合法權力。但這個情況應很短暫,因為參院之前以77票對17票,同意加快審議並表決已由眾議員通過的《美國自由法》。在麥康諾心不甘情不願的支持下,該法案可望在2或3日進行表決,一旦通過就可取代《愛國法》。
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《愛國法》係於911恐怖攻擊之後迅速通過並實施,其中1條款規定,國家安全局(NSA)可以蒐集民眾電話通訊的「元資料」(metadata)。由於該條款適用對象無任何限制,被批評為違憲和侵犯大眾隱私。《美國自由法》根據上述條款提出「修正版本」,規定元資料須由電信公司而非政府保管,NSA如需某特定資料,必須先取得祕密法院的許可。這兩個版本都不准政府機關接觸民眾的通話內容。《愛國法》還有兩個條款也同時失效。一是以總是使用王八機對外連絡的恐怖嫌犯為對象,允許情治機構對他們進行「隨時竊聽」。一是以不屬於任何特定恐怖組織的「孤狼」為對象,允許情治機構隨時跟監。這兩個條款原封不動搬進《美國自由法》。為兼顧民眾隱私和國家安全,歐巴馬政府提出取代《愛國法》的《美國自由法》,此法案得到大多數民主黨人支持,但共和黨對其反應兩極,多數鷹派希望現行版本的《愛國法》繼續實施,少數自由派如蘭德.保羅,則堅持把《愛國法》和《美國自由法》都封殺。情報專家說,《愛國法》和《美國自由法》有幾天不能銜接,但不會有立即後果,因為在上述三條款失效前就展開的情報調查任務,仍可繼續蒐集相關資料。中央情報局(CIA)局長布瑞南的反應較為激烈,他接受電視節目《面對國家》訪問時表示,《愛國法》即便只是暫時失效也足以導致美國面臨更嚴重的恐怖威脅。,